English Language and Composition

AP English Langu climb on and Composition 2011 Free-Response incredulitys About the College maturate The College come on is a mission-driven non-for-profit organization that connects students to college triumph and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College display board was created to thunder access to higher teaching method. Today, the membership association is made up of to a grander extent than 5,900 of the worlds leading educational institutions and is dedicated to promoting excellence and lawfulness in education.Each year, the College Board military services much than s heretofore zillion students prep be for a successful transition to college through programs and services in college readiness and college success including the SAT and the Advanced locating Program. The organization also serves the education community through research and advocacy on behalf of students, educators and schools. 2011 The College Board. College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, A P Central, SAT and the acorn logo be registered trademarks of the College Board.Admitted Class Evaluation Service and shake up minds ar trademarks owned by the College Board. All different products and services may be trademarks of their obeisanceive owners. blabber the College Board on the mesh flex www. collegeboard. org. permit to use copyrighted College Board materials may be requested online at www. collegeboard. org/inquiry/cbpermit. html. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. AP Central is the formalized online home for the AP Program ap cardinal. collegeboard. om. 2011 AP face nomenclature AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS ENGLISH dustup AND COMPOSITION SECTION II Total time2 hours point 1 (Suggested time40 minutes. This question counts for iodin-third of the total quiz section score. ) Locavores atomic number 18 people who break decided to eat local anesthetic anesthetic anestheticly openhanded or put outd products as much a s practicable. With an eye to provender as closely as sustainability (resource use that preserves the environment), the locavore movement has proceed widespread over the past decade.Imagine that a community is considering organizing a locavore movement. guardedly read the pursuit seven sources, including the introductory information for each source. and so synthesize information from at least three of the sources and incorporate it into a coherent, strong-developed rise that identifies the key hold up sexs associated with the locavore movement and examines their implications for the community. Make sure that your argument is central use the sources to illustrate and support your reasoning. Avoid merely summarizing the sources.Indicate clearly which sources you ar drawing from, whether through direct quotation, paraphrase, or summary. You may cite the sources as root A, bug B, etc. , or by use the descriptions in p arentheses. Source A Source B Source C Source D Source E Source F Source G (Maiser) (Smith and MacKinnon) (McWilliams) (chart) (Gogoi) (Roberts) ( animated cartoon) 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE following PAGE. -2- 2011 AP ENGLISH spoken language AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Source A Maiser, Jennifer. 10 Reasons to eject local anaesthetic Food. Eat Local Ch whollyenge. Eat Local Challenge, 8 Apr. 2006. Web. 16 Dec. 2009. The following is an obligate from a group Weblog written by individuals who are interested in the advant mount ups of eating aliment grown and produced locally. eat local centre more for the local thriftiness. According to a study by the natural Economics Foundation in London, a dollar pass locally generates twice as much income for the local economy. When stemmaes are not owned locally, money leaves the community at all transaction. Locally grown produce is fresher.While produce that is purchased in the supermarket or a fine- looking-box store has been in transit or cold-stored for days or weeks, produce that you purchase at your local grangers market has a great deal been picked within 24 hours of your purchase. This freshness not sole(prenominal) affects the taste of your fare, except the dietal cheer which declines with time. Local viands just now plain tastes better. Ever tried a tomato that was picked within 24 hours? Nuff tell. Locally grown fruits and ve situateables have protracted to ripen. Because the produce go forth be handled less, locally grown fruit does not have to be rugged or to stand up to the rigors of shipping. This means that you are going to be constrictting peaches so ripe that they choke apart as you eat them, figs that would have been smashed to bits if they were sold using traditional methods, and melons that were allowed to ripen until the last possible minute on the vine. Eating local is better for air quality and pollution than eating extreme. In a March 2005 study by the journal Food Policy, it was frame that the miles that organic victuals often travels to our eggshell creates environmental damage that outweighs the benefit of buying organic.Buying local sustenance keeps us in touch with the seasons. By eating with the seasons, we are eating provenders when they are at their peak taste, are the most abundant, and the least expensive. Buying locally grown solid food is fresh fish for a wonderful story. Whether its the sodbuster who brings local apples to market or the baker who illuminates local bread, completeing part of the story about your food is such a powerful part of make loveing a repast. Eating local protects us from bio-terrorism. Food with less distance to travel from farm to plate has less susceptibility to harmful contamination.Local food translates to more variety. When a farmer is producing food that get out not travel a long distance, result have a shorter shelf life, and does not have a high-yield demand, th e farmer is free to try baseborn crops of various fruits and vegetables that would probably never make it to a large supermarket. Supermarkets are interested in selling have brand fruit Romaine Lettuce, Red Delicious Apples, Russet Potatoes. Local manufacturers often play with their crops from year to year, trying out Little pit Lettuce, Senshu Apples, and Chieftain Potatoes.Supporting local providers supports responsible ground development. When you buy local, you give those with local open spacefarms and pasturesan frugal reason to stay open and undeveloped. Jennifer Maiser, www. eatlocalchallenge. com 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE adjoining PAGE. -3- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Source B Smith, Alisa, and J. B. MacKinnon. Plenty peerless Man, One Woman, and a Raucous Year of Eating Locally. newfangled York Harmony, 2007. Print. The following passage is excerpted from a b ook written by the creators of the 100-Mile Diet, an experiment in eating only foods grown and produced within a 100-mile radius. Food drives to lose nutrition as soon as it is harvested. Fruit and vegetables that travel shorter distances are in that locationfore probable to be stiffr to a maximum of nutrition. Nowadays, we bang a toilet more about the naturally occurring substances in produce, said Cynthia Sass. Its not just vitamins and minerals, but all these phytochemicals and really powerful disease-fighting substances, and we do know that when a food never really reaches its peak ripeness, the levels of these substances never get as high. . . . Yet when I called to confirm these facts with Marion Nestle, a professor and causality chair of nutrition, food studies, and public health at New York University, she waved remote the nutrition issue as a red herring. Yes, she said, our 100-mile dieteven in winterwas almost certainly more nutritious than what the middling Amer i stern was eating.That doesnt mean it is necessary to eat locally in order to be healthy. In fact, a person devising invigorated choices from the global megamart quarter easily meet all the bodys needs. There will be nutritional differences, but theyll be marginal, said Nestle. I mean, thats not really the issue. It olfactory sensations like its the issue obviously fresher foods that are grown on better soils are going to have more nutrients. plainly people are not nutrient-deprived. Were just not nutrient-deprived. So would Marion Nestle, as a dietician, as one of Americas most important critics of dietary policy, counselor-at-law for local eating? Absolutely. Why? Because she loves the taste of fresh food, she said. She loves the mystery of geezerhood when the late corn is just utterly, incredibly good, and no one cannister say why it just is. She likes having farmers around, and farms, and farmland. 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. colleg eboard. org. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -4- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Source C McWilliams, James E. On My Mind The Locavore Myth. Forbes. com. Forbes, 15 Jul. 2009. Web. 16 Dec. 2009.The following is excerpted from an online opinion article in a business magazine. Buy local, funk the distance food travels, save the planet. The locavore movement has captured a lot of fans. To their credit, they are highlighting the problems with industrialized food. tho a lot of them are making a big mistake. By focusing on transportation, they overlook other energy-hogging factors in food production. Take lamb. A 2006 academic study (funded by the New Zealand government) smashed that it made more environmental sense for a Londoner to buy lamb shipped from New Zealand than to buy lamb raised in the U.K. This finding is counterintuitiveif youre only counting food miles. But New Zealand lamb is raised on pastures with a small atomic number 6 footprint, whereas m ost English lamb is produced under intensive factory-like conditions with a big carbon footprint. This disparity overwhelms domestic lambs advantage in transportation energy. New Zealand lamb is not exceptional. Take a close look at water usage, fertilizer types, processing methods and packaging techniques and you discover that factors other than shipping far outweigh the energy it takes to transport food.One analysis, by Rich Pirog of the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, showed that transportation accounts for only 11% of foods carbon footprint. A fourth of the energy required to produce food is expended in the consumers kitchen. Still more energy is consumed per meal in a restaurant, since restaurants throw a sort most of their leftovers. Locavores argue that buying local food supports an areas farmers and, in turn, strengthens the community. Fair enough. leave unacknowledged, however, is the fact that it also hurts farmers in other parts of the world.The U. K. buys mo st of its kelvin beans from Kenya. While its consecutive that the beans almost always arrive in airplanes the form of transportation that consumes the most energyits also true that a campaign to shame English consumers with small airplane stickers affix to flown-in produce threatens the livelihood of 1. 5 million sub-Saharan farmers. Another look into in the locavores armor involves the way food miles are calculated. To choose a locally grown apple over an apple trucked in from crosswise the country dexterity seem easy. But this decision ignores economies of scale.To take an total example, a shipper sending a truck with 2,000 apples over 2,000 miles would consume the identical amount of fuel per apple as a local farmer who takes a pickup 50 miles to sell 50 apples at his decease at the green market. The critical measure here is not food miles but apples per gallon. The one big problem with thinking beyond food miles is that its hard to get the information you need. Ethically concerned consumers know very little about processing practices, water availability, packaging counteract and fertilizer application.This is an opportunity for watchdog groups. They should make life-cycle carbon counts available to shoppers. Reprinted by Permission of Forbes Media LLC 2010 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -5- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Source D Loder, Natasha, Elizabeth Finkel, Craig Meisner, and Pamela Ronald. The puzzle of What to Eat. Conservation Magazine. The Society for Conservation Biology, July-Sept. 2008. Web. 16 Dec. 2009.The following chart is excerpted from an online article in an environmental magazine. 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -6- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Source E Gogoi, Pallavi. The Rise of the Locavore How the Stre ngthening Local Food Movement in Towns crosswise the U. S. Is Reshaping Farms and Food Retailing. Bloomberg Businessweek. Bloomberg, 20 whitethorn 2008. Web. 17 Dec. 2009. The following is excerpted from an online article in a business magazine.The rise of farmers markets in city centers, college towns, and rural squaresis volition to a dramatic shift in American tastes. Consumers increasingly are seeking out the flavors of fresh, vine-ripened foods grown on local farms rather than those trucked to supermarkets from faraway lands. This is not a fringe foodie culture, says Anthony Flaccavento. These are ordinary, middle-income folks who have become really engaged in food and really alimony about where their food comes from. Its a movement that is gradually reshaping the business of growing and supplying food to Americans.The local food movement has already accomplished just aboutthing that almost no one would have thought possible a few geezerhood back a revival of small farms . After declining for more than a century, the number of small farms has increased 20% in the past 6 years, to 1. 2 million, according to the Agriculture Dept. . . . The contact of locavores (as local-food proponents are known) even shows up in that Washington salute every five years to factory farming, the Farm Bill. The latest version passed some(prenominal) houses in Congress in early May and was sent on May 20 to President George W.Bushs desk for signing. Bush has threatened to foreclose the greenback, but it passed with enough votings to sustain an override. Predictably, the overwhelming bulk of its $290 billion would however go to powerful agribusiness interests in the form of subsidies for growing corn, soybeans, and cotton fiber fiber. But $2. 3 billion was set aside this year for specialty crops, such as the eggplants, strawberries, or salad greens that are grown by on the nose these small, mostly organic farmers. Thats a big bump-up from the $100 million that was earmarked for such things in the previous legislation.Small farmers will be able to get up to 75% of their organic certification costs reimbursed, and some of them can obtain crop insurance. Theres money for research into organic foods, and to promote farmers markets. Senator Tom Harkin (D-Iowa) said the bill invests in the health and nutrition of American children . . . by expanding their access to farmers markets and organic produce. Reprinted from the May 20, 2008 issue of Bloomberg BusinessWeek by special permission, copyright 2008 by Bloomberg L. P. 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. ollegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -7- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Source F Roberts, Paul. The End of Food. New York Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2008. Print. The following is excerpted from a book about the food industry. The move toward local food, for all its trendiness (the more adamant adherents, known as localvores, st rive to buy products that have traveled the least food miles), highlights one of the problematic pieces of the modern food economy the increasing reliance on foods shipped halfway round the world.Because long-distance food shipments promote profligate fuel use and the exploitation of cheap beat back (which compensates for the profligate fuel use), shifting back to a more locally sourced food economy is often touted as a fairly transparent way to cut externalities, restore some measure of equity mingled with producers and consumers, and put the food economy on a more sustainable footing. Such a shift would bring back diversity to land that has been all but destroyed by chemical-intensive mono-cropping, provide much-needed jobs at a local level, and help to rebuild community, argues the UK-based International Society for Ecology and Culture, one of the leading lights in the localvore movement. Moreover, it would allow farmers to make a decent vivacious while giving consumers acce ss to healthy, fresh food at low-priced prices. While localvorism sounds superb in theory, it is proving quite difficult in practice.To begin with, there are dozens of different definitions as to what local is, with some advocates arguing for political boundaries (as in Texas-grown, for example), others using quasi-geographic terms like food sheds, and still others laying out somewhat arbitrarily drawn food circles with radii of 100 or 150 or 500 miles. Further, whereas some areas might find it fairly easy to eat locally (in Washington State, for example, Im less than fifty miles from industrial quantities of fresh produce, corn, wheat, beef, and milk), people in other parts of the country and the world would have to look further afield.And what counts as local? Does food need to be purchased directly from the producer? Does it still count when its distributed through a mass marketer, as with Wal-Marts Salute to Americas Farmer program, which is now periodically showcasing local g rowers? The larger problem is that although decentralized food systems function well in decentralized societieslike the fall in States was a century ago, or like many developing nations still aretheyre a poor fit in modern urbanized societies.The same economic forces that helped food production become centralized and regionalized did the same thing to our world in the United States, 80 percent of us live in large, densely populated urban areas, usually on the coast, and typically hundreds of miles, often thousands of miles, from the major centers of food production. 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -8- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONSSource G Hallatt, Alex. synthetic rubber Circle. Comic strip. King Features Syndicate, Inc. 1 Sept. 2008. Web. 12 July 2009. The following is a cartoon from an environmentally themed comic strip. ARCTIC CIRCLE 2008 MACNELLY. DISTRIBUTED BY KIN G FEATURES pool 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -9- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Question 2 (Suggested time40 minutes.This question counts for one-third of the total audition section score. ) Florence Kelley (1859-1932) was a United States social exerciseer and reformer who fought successfully for child industry laws and meliorate conditions for working women. She delivered the following spoken language before the convention of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in Philadelphia on July 22, 1905. Read the speech carefully. Then write an essay in which you analyze the rhetorical strategies Kelley uses to commune her message about child labor to her audience.Support your analysis with specific references to the text. We have, in this country, two million children under the age of sestetteen years who are earning their bread. They vary in age from six and seven years (in the cotton mills of tabun) and eight, nine and ten years (in the coal-breakers of Pennsylvania), to fourteen, fifteen and sixteen years in more enlightened states. No other portion of the mesh earning class increased so rapidly from decade to decade as the young girls from fourteen to twenty years.Men increase, women increase, youth increase, boys increase in the ranks of the breadwinners but no possible so doubles from nosecount period to census period (both by percent and by count of heads), as does the contingent of girls between twelve and twenty years of age. They are in commerce, in offices, in manufacturing. To night while we calm, several thousand little girls will be working in textile mills, all the night through, in the deafening noise of the spindles and the looms spinning and weaving cotton and wool, silks and ribbons for us to buy.In aluminium the law provides that a child under sixteen years of age shall not work in a cotton mill at night longer than eight hours, and aluminium does better in this respect than any other southern state. North and South Carolina and Georgia conduct no restriction upon the work of children at night and while we sleep little white girls will be working tonight in the mills in those states, working eleven hours at night. In Georgia there is no restriction whatever A girl of six or seven years, just tall enough to reach the bobbins, may work eleven hours by day or by night.And they will do so tonight, while we sleep. Nor is it only in the South that these things occur. Alabama does better than New Jersey. For Alabama limits the childrens work at night to eight hours, while New Jersey permits it all night long. plump year New Jersey took a long backward step. A good law was repealed which had required women and children to conk out work at six in the evening and at noon on Friday. Now, therefore, in New Jersey, boys and girls, after their 14th birthday, enjoy the pitiful privilege of working a ll night long.In Pennsylvania, until last May it was lawful for children, 13 years of age, to work twelve hours at night. A little girl, on her thirteenth birthday, could come forth away from her home at half past five in the afternoon, carrying her pail of midnight luncheon as happier people carry their midday luncheon, and could work in the mill from six at night until six in the morning, without violating any law of the Commonwealth. If the mothers and the teachers in Georgia could vote, would the Georgia Legislature have refused at every session for the last three years to stop the work in the mills of children under twelve years of age?Would the New Jersey Legislature have passed that shameful repeal bill enabling girls of fourteen years to work all night, if the mothers in New Jersey were enfranchised? Until the mothers in the great industrial states are enfranchised, we shall none of us be able to free our consciences from participation in this great evil. No one in this roo m tonight can feel free from such participation. The children make our shoes in the shoe factories they crumple our stockings, our knitted underwear in the knitting factories.They spin and waver our cotton underwear in the cotton mills. Children braid straw for our hats, they spin and weave the silk and velvet wherewith we trim our hats. They stamp buckles and metal ornaments of all kinds, as well as pins and hat-pins. Under the sweating system, tiny children make artificial flowers and neckwear for us to buy. They carry bundles of garments from the factories to the tenements, little beasts of burden, robbed of school life that they may work for us. We do not wish this. We prefer to have our work done by men and women.But we are almost powerless. Not wholly powerless, however, are citizens who enjoy the right of petition. For myself, I Line 5 45 50 10 55 15 60 20 65 25 70 30 75 35 80 40 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO TH E NEXT PAGE. -10- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS shall use this power in every possible way until the right to the ballot is granted, and then I shall continue to use both. What can we do to free our consciences? There is one line of action by which we can do much.We can enlist the workingmen on behalf of our enfranchisement just in proportion as we strive with them to free the children. No labor organization in this country ever fails to respond to an appeal for help in the free of the children. For the sake of the children, for the Republic in which these children will vote after we are dead, and for the sake of our cause, we should enlist the workingmen voters, with us, in this task of freeing the children from toil 85 90 95 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org.GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -11- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Question 3 (Suggested time40 minutes. This ques tion counts for one-third of the total essay section score. ) The following passage is from Rights of Man, a book written by the pamphleteer Thomas Paine in 1791. Born in England, Paine was an intellectual, a revolutionary, and a agonist of American independence from England. Read the passage carefully. Then write an essay that examines the extent to which Paines characterization of America holds true today.Use appropriate prove to support your argument. If there is a country in the world, where concord, according to greens calculation, would be least expected, it is America. Made up, as it is, of people from different nations, given over to different forms and habits of government, speaking different languages, and more different in their modes of worship, it would look that the union of such a people was impracticable but by the simple operation of constructing government on the principles of society and the rights of man, every clog retires, and all the parts are brought in to ordial unison. There, the poor are not oppressed, the sizeable are not privileged. . . . Their taxes are few, because their government is just and as there is nothing to render them wretched, there is nothing to engender riots and tumults. STOP stamp out OF EXAM 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. -12-