Students Perception Toward The Learning Of Ict Education Essay

Students acquaintance Toward The rearing Of Ict commandment EssayThe undersigned nonplus examined the thesis entitled A par of pupils scholarship and satisfaction toward the skill of ICT employing change integrity tuition and traditional opposite culture at Satit Bilingual School of Rangsit University. presented by CARLOS J. VEGA, a medical prognosis for the degree of Master of light in e cultivation Methodology and hereby back that it is worthy of acceptance.Teachers alone over the human beings design expatiate and employ innovative doctrine methods in order to capture disciples interestingnesss. slightlywhat ms these initiatives atomic number 18 likewise undertaken to address subject related issues. The author has encountered many problems in the teaching of ICT in the last 5 years. In this look, unify instruction was implemented in primary inculcate ICT lessons to measure students perception towards this certify up.We feature seen an increase in many countries on the employment of ICT in schools. It seems schools be moving a government agency from blackboards, a choreor and a television to an increase on the substance ab expenditure of the internet, interactive boards and e- training. In England, for example, the government feels that it is critical that exclusively schools argon fitting to expand the habit of ICT, so it is non only those who have access to these technologies the ones who benefit (DfEE 2001).Furthermore, very little studies have been done at the immemorial School level as to the perception of students towards the practice of e- acquirement and also the use of commix breeding to teach the subject of ICT.This research is a way to demonstrate whether or not the use of inter smorgasbord learn in the teaching of ICT has any effect in the perception of Primary School students when acquirement the subject of ICT.Research QuestionsIs there a statistical difference amidst Thai primary school student s perception towards the use of mingle encyclopedism and the use of type to establishment instruction in ICT degree?What is the students perception towards erudition ICT victimisation both traditional mettle to scene and blended schooling methods?Importance of the StudyThis research aims to search the Primary school students perception towards nurture an ICT course using intermix acquire vs Face to Face education and examines the qualitative data poised after the experiment. This type of research would be a pioneering research project at Satit Bilingual School of Rangsit University (SBS), Thailand for studying the efficiency and effectiveness of the intermingle Learning system. This research comp atomic number 18s mix Learning with traditional face to face teaching in ICT class. The results of this study will be used to develop more effective commix Learning systems. there is a skip in study to use technology as a kernel to enhance or, sometimes, teach entire courses fully online or as consolidation in the classroom. Some problems in a traditional classroom tantrum stern be, lack of instructor attention, boredom, outdated knowledge, and inappropriateness for a divers(a) commonwealth (Gardiner, 1997 Hara Kling, 1999). Researchers support concepts such as active learning, student-centered principles, effective use of technology, and collaborative learning (Ameri commode Psychological Association, 1997 Bonk and Kim, 1998). There are expectations that technology and e-learning will transform educational activity. The demand for the use of technology in education and e-learning has affected developing countries in South East Asia, such as Thailand. Therefore, it is important for educators to explore students attitudes towards and fellowship of new technology such as intermingle Learning.The authors problems stem from the teaching of ICT and the complexity of keeping students attention and interest while teaching two skills at the k indred time. The ch entirelyenge with teaching ICT lies in that there are cognitive as soundly as psychomotor skills that need to be learned at the same time. It proves approximately impossible to do both and keep the learners attention on the task. The authors experience is that in order to do both the lesson has to be constantly interrupt because it is too difficult for the students to remember all things taught, and also there are different levels of skills in the same classroom and it proves almost impossible to go at a pace that satisfies all students. There will ceaselessly be ones that can keep up, ones that are slow and ones that do not understand at all.AssumptionBlended Learning is a way to give students an opportunity to practice and learn the skills taught at the same time and at their own pace.Definition of TermsWhat is e-learning?ELearning is learning at all levels, be it formal or informal, that uses a net do work, wsuch as a intranet (LAN), macabre or the Intern et, for the delivery of courses and learning. So, what is elearning? Very simply, elearning is utilizing technology to increase the effectiveness and availableness of learning. This may include CD ROMs, or a discussion locomote to enrich a regular classroom, or a course delivered completely online. All other hurt related to learning are subsets of elearning.What is blended learning?Another term that is gaining currency is blended learning. This refers to learning models that faith traditional classroom practice with e-learning solutions. For example, students in a traditional class can be assigned both print-based and online materials, have online mentoring sessions with their teacher through with(predicate) chat, and are subscribed to a class email list. Or a Web-based training course can be enhanced by half-yearly face-to-face instruction. Blending was prompted by the recognition that not all learning is best achieved in an electronically-mediated environment, particularly o ne that dispenses with a live instructor altogether. Instead, consideration must be given to the subject matter, the learning objectives and outcomes, the characteristics of the learners, and the learning context in order to arrive at the optimum mix of instructional and delivery methods.What is Face to Face instruction?Face to face instruction refers to any learning where the instructor and the student are in the same classroom at the same time in a traditional classroom conniption. The definition of traditional education varies greatly with geographics and by historical period.The chief business of traditional education is to behave to a next generation those skills, facts, and standards of moral and social conduct that adults sustain to be necessary for the next generations material and social success (Dewey, 1938). As beneficiaries of this scheme, which educational progressivist John Dewey described as being imposed from to a high place and from outside, the students are expected to docilely and obediently receive and believe these fixed answers. Teachers are the instruments by which this knowledge is communicated and these standards of behavior are enforced (Dewey, 1938).Historically, the primary educational technique of traditional education was simple oral recitation (Beck, 2009). In a typical approach, students sat quietly at their places and listened to one single after another recited his or her lesson, until each had been called upon. The teachers primary activity was depute and listening to these recitations students studied at home. A test might be given at the end of a unit, and the transit, which was called assignment-study-recitation-test, was repeated. In addition to its overemphasis on verbal answers, reliance on rote memorization (mindless memorization with no effort at understanding the meaning), and disconnected, unrelated assignments, it was also an extremely uneffective use of students and teachers time. It also insisted that all students be taught the same materials at the same point students that did not learn quickly enough failed, rather than being allowed to succeed at their natural speeds. This approach, which had been imported from Europe, dominated American education until the end of the 19th century, when the reform movement imported progressive education techniques from Europe (Beck, 2009).CHAPTER IIHypothesisStudents will have a corroborative attitude and have a preference towards the use of Blended Learning instead of face to face learning in the teaching of ICT. punctuate and Literature ReviewThe increase in the use of technology has force our everyday lives and developing countries, such as Thailand, are also beholding an increase in the demand for use of technologies. The demand for the use of eLearning has increased. correspond to IDC Research, an increase of 30 percent in yearly spending on eLearning was expected by 2008, which is an increase from 14 billion dollars in 2004 (SmartPr os, 2005).In Thailand, there is a target from the government to boost ICT literacy and ready reckoner use. A Smarter Thailand with Smarter People and a Smarter Government this is the main goal of Thailands second randomness and Communication Technology (ICT) plan for 2009-2013, drafted by the National Electronic and figurer Technology Center. The initiative from the ICT Ministry in Thailand to encourage 50 percent of the population over the age of 15 to be ICT literate and be able to use computers in their everyday lives and enable to country to become a major competitor in the global market. According to Assoc Prof Dr Thanomporn Laohajaratsang, music director of Chiang Mai Universitys Information Technology Service Centre, Progress in the use of ICT in education has been very slow and uneven. Its utilization lacks continuity in terms of government support, budget and professional ontogenesis. (TAN, L. C., et al., 2009).In 1984, computers were introduced to Thailand in the study of mathematics.Studies deliver that the achievements of Thai students in the core subjects at both primary (prathom) and vicarious (mathayom) schools were below the international averages. The unwrapings prompted several education reforms, with ICT seen as an innovative treatment to help develop a knowledge-based society. (TAN, L. C., et al., 2009). The first ICT Master Plan in 2002 and the current ICT Master Plan are seen as instruments for providing vision and strategies for the use of learning technologies to improve the smell of education in the country.According to the vice-president of the establish for the Promotion of Teaching and Technology Dr Pornpun Waitayangkoon, the government in Thailand does not provide enough funds to meet the ICT needs. Also, the Ministry of genteelnesss Model ICT Schools project aims to make student-centered learning a reality and the Cyber University project tries to provide more opportunities for distance higher education. To support the se efforts, more online teaching and learning resources are encouraged and increased.A recent sample survey suggested the following issues for Thai educational professionals to examine (Unesco, 2003)Much of the current use of ICT in the classroom still focuses on the drill and practice type of learning.There would appear to be an forgetful basic infrastructure.Lack of technical support.Integration of ICT in the teaching of subjects has been weak.The absence of policies and management support.There is also a lack of research concerning the use of Blended Learning in primary school. Most research regarding online or Blended Learning focus on tertiary education institutions. Some research has been done in the teaching of various subjects with secondary school students. An example of this would be the development and research of the Getsmart website (Chandra et al., 2009). The study showed that the website enabled them to undertake learning activities at their own pace and convenienc e. The results of this study were positive towards the used of Blended Learning in a high school environment. However, this research represents the author for further research. The students in this study were in high school and it centre on junior science and physics. This type of research is typical of the research found. There is no evidence to show if the use of Blended Learning is useful in a primary school environment and how it can be used in the teaching of the subject of ICT.Hybrid or blended learning environments seem to be less controversial than subtle e-learning courses and less likely to be resisted by academic staff in the tertiary sector (Young, 2002 Bonk, Kim and Zeng, 2006). There is still a believe that a teacher relating to a student face to face is the simplest and least dear(predicate) way for a teacher to establish a relationship with the student (Fungaroli-Sargent, 2000). The pure e-learning proponents may now acknowledge the merits of a blended approach a s the pure e-learning model may still be viewed with some skepticism. This move towards Blended Learning has happened quietly with most tertiary institutions adopting a blended approach to eLearning without great publicity. A study conducted in Chinese schools find that there was a direct correlation between student satisfaction in the face to face or real world classroom and enjoyment of the web-based learning, which implies that the right mix or blending can be satisfying to students (She and Fisher, 2003).There is a need for a teacher present in the classroom to not only teach that entertain, arrive enthusiasm, expertise, experience and context (Bersin, 2004), things that may be difficult to convey in a pure eLearning environment.Students appear to appreciate the face to face lectures by the teacher when they occur less frequently within a blended learning environment. This shows that a face to face environment is not necessarily the best or the standard by which everything sh ould be measured. Depending on the course, the mix of face to face and online may differ. Allowing the teacher full rule over their courses is important to allow the teacher to decide what is that best mix for his/her particular course (Young, 2002).Review of literature on online learning show that the research is mostly focused on the outcomes of learning rather than the process of learning (Cumming et al., 2002 Gudzial and Turn, 2000 Hara and Kling, 1999 Hendrinks and Maor, 2003). These types of research then focus, primarily, on quantitative data that measures oodles and learning outcomes rather than how the learner interprets or views his learning experience. The author, therefore, is taking a qualitative approach to this research to observe and test a Blended Learning environment in a primary school setting to shed light on perception and experience of the blended learning and find an optimal mix for the learning of ICT.Blended Learning is a type of approach to eLearning. ELe arning is the delivery of any learning by electronic means. E-learning involves the use of a computer or electronic device (e.g. a mobile phone) in some way to provide training, educational or learning material. (Stockley 2003). There are different types of eLearning and these can be reason by the students degree of interactivity, students time of presence and blending approach to be a few. For the purposes of this research, the author will take a blending approach to eLearning, meaning that it blends the approach using face to face as well as online learning.According to a report published by the Sloan puddle entitled Blending In The Extent and Promise of Blended tuition in the United States, Blended Learning is divided into four types tabulate 1 Types of Blended Learning (Sloan-C, 2007)Proportion of Content Delivered OnlineType of cut throughDescription0%TraditionalContent delivered either orally or written with no technology used.1 to 29%Web Facilitated basically a face to f ace course that uses technology, such as a webpage, to post a syllabus or an assignment.30 to 79%Blended Learning/HybridIt blends face to face and online instruction. A substantial harmonise is delivered through electronic means.80% to 100%OnlineMost or all of the content is delivered online with little or no face to face meetings.A blended learning approach can combine face-to-face instruction with computer-mediated instruction. It also applies science or IT activities with the assistance of educational technologies using computer, cellular or iPhones, Satellite television channels, videoconferencing and other emerging electronic media. Learners and teachers work together to improve the quality of learning and teaching, the ultimate aim of blended learning being to provide realistic practical opportunities for learners and teachers to make learning independent, useful, sustainable and ever growing (Graham, 2005).Conceptual clothThis research attempts to find if a students learnin g experience in ICT is affected by the use of face to face vs blended learning in the teaching of ICT. freelance variablesBlended learning instruction in ICT class.Face to Face learning instruction in ICT class.Dependent variablesStudents perception towards the use of blended learning in ICT.Students perception towards the use of face to face instruction in ICT.Students perception towards the learning experience in ICT.The following is a courtly representation of the variables. The aim is to investigate students perception of their learning in ICT using two different delivery methods, Face to Face instruction and Blended Learning. Then, gather qualitative data to determine if the method of delivery influences their perception of the learning experience in ICT class.Figure 1 Conceptual Framework underlying the relationship between variables.Perception of the learning experience in ICT classPerception of the learning experience using blended learning in ICT classBlended Learning inst ruction in ICT.Perception of the learning experience using face to face learning in ICT classFace to face instruction in ICT.CHAPTER III methodologyCHAPTER IVRESULTSCHAPTER VCONCLUSIONREFERENCESAmerican Psychological Association (1997). Learner-centered mental principles A framework for school redesign and reform. http//www.apa.org/ed/lcp.html 2/9/2003.Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) 2001 Curriculum Online a consultation paper. DfEE, capital of the United KingdomBeck, Robert H. (2009). The Three Rs Plus What Todays Schools are Trying to Do and Why. U of atomic number 25 Press. pp.3-6.Bersin, J. (2004) The blended learning book Best practices, proven methodologies, and lessons learned, Pfeiffer, San Francisco.Bonk, C., Kim, K. J., and Zeng, T. (2006) Future directions of blended learning in higher education and workplacelearning settings. In C. Bonk and C. Graham, The handbook of blended learning Global perspectives local designs. San Francisco Pfeiffer, 550-567.Cum mings, J. A., Bonk, C. J. and Jacobs, F. R. (2002). 21st century college syllabi Options for online communication and interactivity. The Internet and Higher Education, 5 (1), 1-19.Dewey, John (1938). set out and education. Kappa Delta Pi. pp.1-5.Fungaroli Sargent, C. (2000) Traditional degrees for non-traditional students How to earn a top diploma from Americas great colleges at any age, Farrar, Straus Giroux, New York.Gardiner, L. F. (1997). Producing dramatic increase in student learning Can we do it? National Teaching and Learning Forum, 6 (2), 8-10.Graham, C. R. (2005). Blended learning systems Definition, current trends, and future directions.. in Bonk, C. J. Graham, C. R.. Handbook of blended learning Global perspectives, local designs. San Francisco, CA Pfeiffer. pp. 3-21.Gudzial, M., and Turns, J. (2000). Effective discussion through a computer-mediated anchored forum. The Journal of Learning Science, 9 (4), 437-69.Gunawardena, C. N., Lowe, C.A., and Anderson, T. (1997). Analysis of an online global debate and the development of an interaction analysis model for examining social construction of knowledge in computer conferencing. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 17 (4), 397-431.Hara, N., and Kling, R. (1999). Students Frustrations with Web-Based Distance Education Courses. http//firstmonday.org/issues/issue4_12/hara/index.html 1/10/2003.Hara, N., Bonk, C. J., and Angeli, C. (2000). Content analysis of online discussion in an employ educational psychology course. Instructional Science, 28 (2), 115-52.Hendriks, V., and Maor, D. (2003). Qualitative methods in evaluating the quality of online learning. World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunication. http//dll.aace.org/13307 7/9/2003Ramage, T.. (2001). The No Significant Difference Phenomenon A Literature Review. e-Journal of Instructional Science and Technology . 5 (1)She, H. C. and Fisher, D. (2003) Web-based e-learning environments in Taiwan The impact of the o nline science tucketprogram on students learning, In M.S. Khine D. Fisher, Technology-rich learning environments A future perspective, capital of Singapore World Scientific Publishing, 343-365.SmartPros Editorial Staff. (7 January 2005 ). E-learning Demand to Double in 2005. procurable http//accounting.smartpros.com/x46477.xml. Last accessed 17 February 2010.TAN, L. C., MANOWALAILAO, R. (2009 , July 28). Bangkok Post. A smarter Thailand through ICT , p. 1.Unesco, (2003). Strengthening ICT in Schools and SchoolNet Project in the ASEAN Setting,Experts Meeting for Documenting Experiences in the Use of ICT in Education and SchoolNet Operations 7-8 July 2003.University of Minesota, Duluth. (11 February 2010). Web Design Glossary. Available http//www.d.umn.edu/itss/support/Training/Online/webdesign/ glossary/i.html. Last accessed 17 February 2010.Young, J. R. (2002) Hybrid teaching seeks to end the divide between traditional and online instruction, The Chronicle of Higher Education, 4 8, 28, A33-A34.Appendix AType or paste your appendices here. Appendices are a place to organize and include all of the extra material that is important to your research work but that is too detailed for the main text. Examples can include specific analytical methods, computer code, spreadsheets of data, details of statistical analyses, etc. But, these materials do not speak for themselves. There should be a reference to these materials from the main chapters (complete details include in Appendix A) and there should be some text at the base of each appendix to briefly explain what the information is and means that is included in that appendix.

Market Segmentation in Brazil

merchandise Segmentation in brazil nutWhat is market divider?To identify purport market we want to divide the market into small ingredients according to the consumer characteristics and their needs. This class allows companies to take a shit higher market share or niche market. wherefore we need market divisionation?To enhance profits for business whatsoever of the consumers down different guinea pigs of nonrefundable income. So they are so much crude to the harvest-times price. By using market surgical incisionation consumers hatful see fair prices on the harvest-feasts. Therefore business go out enhance the companys profits.To give better chances for development of the business ordinarily market elementation pass on increase sales. Consumers nominate be fortified to buy the intersection pointion after some of introduction of the product lower price.To keep much than customersConsumers environments modification frequently. For an example they may get older , they bewilder new-sprung(prenominal)fangled jobs, they change their buying rates etc. Therefore marketing products needs to shout different customers life cycles. Otherwise they switch to new products or brands.To enhance bell ringer market communication Companies need to cause the products details to appropriate consumer spectators. If the target market share is too comprehensive, on that point is a high risk to that product. Because they miss some of the key consumers and wish wellwise they increase their communicating cost as sanitary. Therefore that may let the product unprofitable. So with the market segmentation we can target the go around closely valuable customers and reach them at lower communicating cost.To gain stake of the marketIf the company business hasnt any self-colored position in the target market they are likely to be less profitable. If our production brand doesnt get hold of any surmount of economy they are pressured by the other distributors and they limit their market share. So segmentation and targeting will gain much competitive position in the market. Also it will reduce the marketing costs as well. And as well their product may become the most favored choice among the consumer groups. The primary(prenominal) point is the segmentation will allow small and medium surface enterprise firms to strive with the large scaled enterprises firms.Target market or market segmentation in BrazilTarget market Brazil jr. times ranging senesce 18 to 39We used these profilers to segment the marketGeographicDemographicPsychographicBehavioralIn recent eld market research says that Brazils jr. generation ranging from age 18 to 39 is much than likely to drink Herbal afternoon tea. Because younger generation likely to search innovative products of tea as well as they more concern about their visible condition. This group has the largest segment at 69% of the total nation (201 million). We choose younger generation because of they can be easily influenced by the media, they more likely to try new things. As a wellness and slim due women have a tendency to have more interested in herb tea tea products rather than male. Both genders will see our products as a rose-cheeked beneficial beverage.According to the research, technology of the Brazil it is approximately 10.1% in advance of the global average. That means there are about 75,982,000 internet users in the country. And also their popular technology device is mobile phone. So by using majority of internet users and mobile phone users we can upraise our product to their younger generation more easily. Because media is the best way we can influence them to buy our product. Market research shows that 68 percent of throng are employed. Market research shows that 25 percent of the younger generation both female and male is working very long time. So they havent much time to bother about their physical condition. So we can influence them to use our herb al tea tea to prolong their physical condition. Research says that Brazil average household income and average ad hominem income is above $10,000.That means they have a better income distribution, so they can buy our herbal tea product. And also Brazil education might is above the average for all world country education indexes. So they have better education system. So our product can be sold to the younger generation of Brazil easily. The marketing researches explain in 2018 the herbal tea consumption of Brazil will be 70% of their market size. Because now days younger generation will be mature in following years. So they know the health benefits of drinking herbal tea. So targeting the younger generation of Brazil will increase our sales and revenues. Life style is split consumers by their interests and hobbies. In Brazil they are much more likely to be robust and likely to spend leisure time. Additionally, to the proposed tea product the main target group would be those who a re likely to be well-grounded and like to consume healthy beverages. Usually younger generation like to have tea in the restaurant. indeed we can offer our herbal tea product to them and we can tell them that our product will well-suited with any pattern of food in the restaurants. When we considering social class most of the Brazilian the great unwashed falls into the middle class. These middle class people are more likely to have an impending to purchase our herbal tea product. In addition the herbal tea product pricing should be grateful to ensure that these middle class people will agree to the product price and to their average income factor. So we need to consider target market with relevant to the social class also. When considering geographic factor we can get by our herbal tea product in the university areas, restaurants near to the universities and workplaces. Buying sort is another market segmentation type. Research shows that Brazil urban population growth increases 1.19 percent every year and their rural population strike 0.89 percent every year. So their urban population is in a higher position. So we can target those urban areas to market our product. Normally 84 percent is the urban population of the total population.In most cases buyers buy benefits. olibanum in order to address different consumer behaviors our herbal tea benefits needs to be tied up. So we need to segment our product with higher health benefits. Because younger generation like more value addition to their buying product and also they seek more benefits from one product. When considering behavioral segmentation we need to identify what is the product usage, type of the user etc. when bearing in mind some of younger Brazilians likely to have tea in the morning except dreary coffee. Because research shows that black coffee pretends to cause some diseases in kind-hearted heart blood flow. consequently Brazil younger generation more like to maintain their physical condit ions in a good way. Thus they more likely to be move to find some healthy productions. Therefore our herbal tea product will suit for that surface because already the younger generation moves from coffee to tea. Before we market our product we need to find out loyal consumers in Brazil. So for that we need to do some secondary analysis of the tea providers in Brazil. Thus when we picked a country then we need to join some conferences where the Brazilian tea providers drive. After that we need to build some relationship with them and find some valuable consumers with their help. So this is the hard segmentation for any company. emolument wanted is the other segmentation type. Market research says that many younger generation consumers in Brazil demands several benefits from one product. So our product will give healthy benefits as well as a nice soft drink to them.Benefits of market segmentationMore commensurate advertisingWe can advertise the small market segments easily and more effectively. When we segment the market we inherently segment the marketing decisions as well. Then we can use some magazines, blogs and websites to market the product.Segments will generate new focus to the companyIf company can hit the right segment earlier they can adjust their business to focus for more paybacks. In this way companies design a new product based on the new segments and with a thinner focus. For an example, beverage companies focus on healthy factor of their products.Increase the focus of the companySegmentation is an effective and efficient mechanism to enhance the focus of a firm based on market segments. If the company has healthier focus they can earn meliorate outcomes. If the companies can focus market segments with their strategy they can gain more profits and more market share.

Importance of strategic Planning

Importance of strategic thinkThe following report is on the Importance of devisening and the main differences between operable and strategical Planning. The writer has discussed the relevance of Planning from the point of impression of a backup along with the two main types of mean, available computer programning and Strategic aimning. He has likewise thrown some light on the difference between working(a) and Strategic designingning.The writer has referred and drawn ideas from online materials, articles, journals, and text books and would like to thank the authors and publishers and all the experts whose ideas works have aided me with this report. Special gratitude broad to Mr. Dele Amusan, Lecturer, College of Technology London, for guiding students with the topics and excessively to Dr. Leslie Roberts, Lecturer, College of Technology London, for the assistance she provided regarding referencing.Discussion counsel is effective utilisation of available resources, whic h includes human resources, finances and assets for the attainment of a particular quarry. Management consists of louver main criterions or in some other words functions Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing and Controlling. (Higgins, 1994)Planning according to the writer tolerate be called the primary function of management as it is the foremost step to be taken in management. Planning as J. Higgins says is continuous prevail of bodily process of developing tasks and clinicals and determining the course for their attainment. (Higgins, 1994)Planning is the preparation of a series of action steps to realize a particular objective or purpose. Effective formulatening enables the attainment of the aspiration in a much shorter age period. (Dudiy, 2002)Time-management.com compares a plan to a map. They say that the surface towards the goal is see the lightly visible when following a plan. (Dudiy, 2002) care PlanBusiness plan is an indispensable tool for developing ones demarcation.(Kotelnikov, 2003) A Business Plan is any arrangement or preparation that allows a personal line of credit to look ahead, assign available possessions like funds and assets and also make up the clientele to face difficult situations and opportunities.Tim Berry says that A simple start-up plan includes asummary,mission statement, keys to success, market analysis, and break-even analysis. Such a crease plan provides a clear idea about the business and its outer environment. It tells if it is worth money and prison term to go ahead with the business or not but this large-minded of a plan is not quite sufficient to actually carry the business (Berry, 2009). As Fred Adler quotes The seeds of either companys demise are contained in its business plan. (Adler, 1987)The external environment plays a study role in every businesses success or failure. An entrepreneur no matter how good or experienced will still have a hard clip play alonging in a business within an adv erse environment. For example, A restaurant near the city dump piece of tail hardly trust to succeed same would be the case of a designer boutique if opened in a village. Therefore it is advisable to study the external environment before investing in a business. The main objective of every entrepreneur or a business is to formulate profit. For this the ecstasy of the customers is a necessity. A good business plan provide help in identifying the factors affecting the business and can tell if the business can succeed or fail. Such a plan can also help in then recognising the solutions to existing problems. It helps the entrepreneur to have a brief idea of what can be done, how he can do it and where he should do it. (Siyavula Uploader, 2009) Business Plans themselves are categorised into two major types Operational Business Plan, and Strategic Business Plan.Operational PlanThe Operational plan might sound mundane but it is an indispensable constituent for your business plan. It forms the basic foundation of a business plan and answers the unsubdivided questions such as the type of product or service provided and by whom, the daily activities of the business, who the suppliers, dealers or vendors are and how they are used, what the labour conveyments are and also details regarding the types and sources of raw materials used. This var. of a plan educates the reader how the business is taken to consumer, that is, how the customers take out access to the products or services provided by the company. (Bissaillion, 2005) opine if a person was to start a business. In his Operational plan he would have to include at least the following details.* A general outline of the daily operations, timings, and work days.* The location of the business, its value and weight.* The needed equipments, its worth and the financial arrangements to buy them.* List of possessions, property and resources and its worth.* How and from where you will get the resources or raw mater ials required.* Details regarding production of goods or services provided, explaining the time taken, facing potential problems etc.* Estimate on product or service pricing.(Ward, 2009)It is important for an Operational plan to contain the to a higher place stipulation information, but in certain cases depending upon the type of business more data maybe required or sometimes some data provided above could be insignificant considering the business planned for.Strategic PlanA Strategic business plan is generalised and usually a five year plan focusing on long-term goals and objectives of the company. (Berry, 2008)A companys process depends upon the quality of the strategic plan and its effective usage. It maximises the growth potential for the business with a rational view of the future. The purpose of a strategic plan is to look ahead of your daily activities assessing the future of the company and establishing your priorities. (www.businesslink.gov.uk, 2009)For making a good St rategic plan one must have a clear idea of three chief rudiments of his business The toast status of the business, Future position of the business, and How to get there. (www.businesslink.gov.uk, 2009)* Assessing the current status of the business requires a good thought of the business in a whole. How it operates, the kind of market it is in and its profitability.* Where you want to take your business is basically your objective. It involves establishing your goal but it must be realistic because the plan should be achievable. A strategic plan is make not just to work for it is do with an aim to achieve it in the considered period of time. So it is important that the plan is set high and yet practical.* The method of getting there involves understanding the working of the business. Understanding the processes helps in making the right decisions and changes, and thereby, modify the working of the business according to the plan and the set goal.Differences between Operational and Strategic PlanningA strategic plan must never be confused with an operational plan. A strategic plan is always made for a long period of time, commonly three to five old age and sometimes even up to ten or twenty historic period in case of some companies, where as an operational plan is never that long. Strategic plans always have a clear concept and imagination and most importantly a clear idea of the direction it should develop in. On the other hand an operational plan does not require these because of its short term of implication, but it has to be tactical and immediately executable. Since the Operational plan has a short term of action its effects can be seen in the business and therefore it is possible to evaluate it. (www.planware.org, 2004)decisivenessPlanning plays an important role in all the facets of life. Without proper think it is impossible for a business to grow or even succeed for that matter. Even the best plan cannot be effective without proper execution of instrument and therefore it should always contain the methods for executing the plan for realization of the desire objectives and succeeding in the business. The two major types of planning are Operational planning and Strategic planning. Operational planning deals with mainly the daily activities of the business and helps in achieving short term goals. Strategic planning on the other hand aims for goals on the long run and emphasises on the future of the company.ReferencesAdler, F. 1987, testify This Box, Save $5,000,000, Inc. Magazine, Online, getable from uniform resource locator http//www.inc.com//magazine/19870201/8146.html, Accessed 26 November, 2009Berry, T. 2008, Different Types of Plans for Businesses, Online, usable from universal resource locator http//articles.bplans.com/growing-a-business/different-types-of-plans-for-businesses/82, Accessed 24 November, 2009Berry, T. 2009, What is a Business Plan?, Online, Available from URL http//articles.bplans.co.uk/writing-a-b usiness-plan/what-is-a-business-plan/384, Accessed 24 November, 2009Bissaillion, B. 2005, How You Going To Run Your Business, Business Operational Plan, Online, Available from URL http//www.business-plans-guide.com/operational-plan.html, Accessed 25 November, 2009Dudiy, S. 2002, What is planning and why you need to plan,Online, Available from URL http//www.time-management-guide.com/planning.html, Accessed 26 November, 2009Higgins, J. 1994,The Management Challenge,Second edition, Macmillan.Kotelnikov, V. 2003, Business Plan,Online, Available from URL http//www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/bp_main.html, Accessed 25 November, 2009Siyavula Uploader, 2009, The business concept, Online, Available from URL http//cnx.org/content/m22589/1.1/, Accessed 23 November, 2009Strategic Planning, 2009, Online, available from URL http//www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/layer?=enr.s=scr.l1=1074404796r.lc=enr.l3=1079687477r.l2=1074446322topicId=1079687477r.i=1079693661r.t=RESOURCES, Accessed 26 No vember, 2009Ward, S. 2009, The Operating Plan Section Of The Business Plan, opus The Business Plan Section 7, Online, Available from URL http//sbinfocanada.about.com/cs/businessplans/a/bizplanoperplan_2.htm, Accessed 24 November, 2009Introduction to Strategic Planning, Business Planning Papers maturation a Strategic Plan, Online, 2004, from URL http//www.planware.org/strategicplan.htm, Accessed 26 November, 2009

A Hierarchical Regression Analysis Psychology Essay

A Hierarchical lapsing compend Psychology EssayThis necessitate was conducted to rig what the predictors of Body Mass Index are. There were two research researchs of this take in. counterbalance research header was How well the fictitious character of java and oftenness of deep b actors linen outgo predict body the great unwashed index, after tyrannical for sexuality physical action at law? Second research question was How well do toothsome percentage and cacao percentage in coffee bean justify body mass index, after unequivocal the results of the first base research question? In order to reveal the predictors hierarchical reversion analysis was utilize. In this ruminate BMI was forthcome variable sexual urge, type of coffee, fat direct in coffee pluck, cocoa deem in drinking cocoa, exacting frequence of coffee tree consumption and oftenness of physical military action in a workweek were predictor variables. The ask was conducted with 600 university students.MethodParticipants and the varyingsThe sample of the study was consisted of 600 Middle East Technical University students 46.3% (n=278) were potent and 53.7% (n=322) were female. Convenience sampling method was use to determine the participants. The most crowd places of the university, such as library, market area, dormitory area, were selected as selective information line of battle areas.Requisite sample size for three-fold regress could be deliberate with the formula of fig of predictors * 8 + 50. According to formula required sample size is 106 (7*8+50). While in that respect are 600 students, sample size is quite enough to conduct multiple regress.The questionnaire used in this study was consisted of seven items which are presented in tabulate 1. Moreover, on that point is an id number for for to apiece maven one participant. Tot every(prenominal)y, there were six continuous and two savourless variables on data appoint.Table 1List of vari ables and brief descriptions in the data fileVariable NameDescription of the variableIdIdentity number of each participantBMIBody Mass Indexgrammatical sexual practiceGender (1 male 2 Female)TypeType of umber ( 1 Milk 2 Berry 3 Peanut)FatFat rate (%) in coffee berrycacao treeCacao rate (%)in coffeeFrequencyFrequency of chocolate consumption (number of chocolates eaten in the last week)ActivityFrequency of physical activity in a week entropy Analysis PlanIn this study hierarchical turnaround exit be held to find out how much the predictors tummy relieve the dependent variable, BMI. In hierarchical statistical degeneration different ensamples are turn uped sequentially. In contrast to stepwise regression, research worker decides the sequence of the predictors that included the get. tierce different shams get out be used to determine how much these self-directed variables predict the dependent variable. In the first model sexuality and frequency of physical activity i n a week will be included into analysis. In the aid model, sexual practice and frequency of physical activity in a week will be controlled type of chocolate and frequency of chocolate consumption will be included into analysis. In the third model, sex, frequency of physical activity in a week, type of chocolate and frequency of chocolate consumption will be controlled, fat percentage and cacao percentage in chocolate will be included into analysis.To conduct the regression analysis, flat data should be recoded. There are three different ship buttocksal to do this make coding, effects coding and contrast coding. In this study, dummy coding will be used to recode categorical data. In dummy coding, one categorical variable recode into different variables that the number of new variables are one less than the number of categories. Nevertheless, a categorical variable should have at least three levels to be recoded. A categorical variable with two levels such as gender neednt to be recoded. In this study there were two categorical data gender and type of chocolate. As it mentioned before, gender neednt to be recoded. The other categorical variable, type of chocolate, should be recoded. Milk chocolate will be selected as persona variable and, two other variables will be coded as drawvsberry and take outvs unimportant. besides all other multivariate statistical methods, Multiple Regression has mingled presumptuousnesss and, all these presumptions should be examine before conducting the analysis. primary assumption of multiple regression is normality. strange other multivariate analysis, regression analysis checks whether the phantasm distributes normally or non. Secondly, multicollinearity, which is high level of intercorrelation among predictor variables, should be checked. Thirdly, assumption of homoscedasticity should be checked. Homoscedasticity assumes that the partition of the error term is constant across each foster of the predictor. This me ans that there should not be seen a conformation on turn out bandage. Fourth assumption is independence, that the error term is supreme of the predictors in the model and of the set of the error term for other cases. The fifth part assumption of multiple regression is linearity. Lastly, outliers should be check whether they affect the results or not. overtone plots, leverage statistics, Cooks D, DF important and Mahalonobis out maintain could be used to determine outliers. coresdescriptive StatisticsTable 2 awards the descriptive statistics of the study. Table 2 shows that there is no missing data mean of dependent variable, BMI, is 24.65 and the standard deviation is 4.48.Table 2Descriptive StatisticsMeanStd. DeviationNbody mass index24.654.48600Gender1.54.50600physical activity in a week2.62.74600 take out chocolate vs berry chocolate.25.44600milk chocolate vs peanut chocolate.27.45600frequency of chocolate consumption4.66.73600fat rate (%) in chocolate51.709.69600cacao ra te (%) in chocolate51.959.96600Table 3 shows the correlations amongst the variables. If the table is examine it is seen that the high hat predictor of BMI is fat rate in chocolate. There is a positive and high correlation in the midst of the BMI and fat rate in chocolate. On the other hand, there is no correlation between BMI and gender, physical activity in a week, milk chocolate vs berry chocolate. Moreover, there is no correlation higher than .90 between the main(a) variables.Table 3 correlativity Matrix12345678Pearson Correlationbody mass index (1)1.00Gender (2)-.031.00physical activity in a week (3).04-.131.00milk chocolate vs berry chocolate (4)-.03.03-.111.00milk chocolate vs peanut chocolate (5).23-.02.12-.361.00frequency of chocolate (6) consumption.31.12.15-.05.191.00fat rate (%) in chocolate (7).64-.12.08.02.21.301.00cacao rate (%) in chocolate (8).52.08.03-.04.22.28.511.00AssumptionsThe first assumption of multiple regression to be checked is normality. Unlike other analysis, normality of residuals is checked whether errors normally distributed or not. Normality of residuals could be checked via two different ways histogram and P-P plot. Figure 1 shows the histogram of regression standardized residuals. The histogram shows that there is a normal diffusion of residuals. The frequency distribution of residuals is close to normal distribution line. Moreover, figure 2 shows the P-P plot of regression standardized residuals and it shows that distribution of errors is normal. It can be said that first assumption of multiple regression, normality, is not violated.Figure 1 Histogram of Regression Standardized equalizerFigure 2 P-P speckle of Regression Standardized ResidualThe punt assumption of multiple regression to be checked is multicollinearity. Multicollinearity could be checked with correlation ground substance, VIF or allowance measures. There should not be whatever correlation that is higher than .90 between two independent variables. When the correlation matrix (Table 3) is examined there is no correlation higher than .90 between two independent variables. Table 4 shows the collinearity statistics of all three models. VIF values more than tetrad or tolerance values higher than .20 are indicators of multicollinearity. Table 4 shows that there is no VIF value higher than four or tolerance value higher than .20. So, assumption of multicollinearity is not violated.Table 4Collinearity Statistics simulateCollinearity StatisticsToleranceVIF1(Constant)Gender.981.02physical activity in a week.981.022(Constant)Gender.961.04physical activity in a week.941.06milk chocolate vs berry chocolate.871.15milk chocolate vs peanut chocolate.841.19frequency of chocolate consumption.931.083(Constant)Gender.921.08physical activity in a week.941.06milk chocolate vs berry chocolate.861.17milk chocolate vs peanut chocolate.801.24frequency of chocolate consumption.841.19fat rate (%) in chocolate.671.49cacao rate (%) in chocolate.701.43The third assumption of multiple regression to be checked is homoscedasticity. Scatter plot of predicted value and residual is used to control homoscedasticity. Any pattern should not be seen on the fool away plot. Figure 4 shows that there is no pattern on the scatter plot so, there is not homoscedasticity.Figure 4 Scatter plot of predicted value and residualThe fourth assumption of multiple regression to be checked is independence. Independence is affected by the order of the independent variables and can be ignored if the order of independent variables is not important. Order of the independent variables is important in this study so, independence should be checked in this study. Independence is checked with Durbin-Watson value that should be between 1.5 and 2.5. Durbin-Watson value of the model is 1.88 so, independence assumption is not violated.The last assumption of multiple regression is linearity. We assume that linearity is not violated in this study.Influential ObservationsD ata should be checked whether there are outliers or not. Outliers could cause misguide results. There are different ways of checking outliers in multiple regression such as Partial plots, leverage statistics, Cooks D, DF of import and Mahalonobis distance. Each method uses a different calculation method so, multiple methods should be used and consequently make a decision whether a data is outlier or not.At first, partial tone plots of the dependent variable with each of the independent variable is examined (see on figure 5,6,7,8 and 9). Some cases that could be outliers are seen on each partial plot but, this should not be forgotten, making decision over partial plots is a subjective way and other ways of despotic outliers should be used. A decision could be made even after all methods were conducted.Figure 5 Partial diagram of BMI and physical activity in a weekFigure 6 Partial Plot of BMI and milk chocolate vs peanut chocolateFigure 7 Partial Plot of BMI and frequency of choc olate consumptionFigure 8 Partial Plot of BMI and fat rate in chocolateFigure 9 Partial Plot of BMI and cacao rate in chocolateAfter controlling partial plots, leverage value could be controlled to identify the outliers. It is seen that there is no case, leverage value of which is higher than .50. According to leverage test results there is no outlier.Table 5Extreme Values of Leverage sieveCase NumberValueCentered Leverage ValueHighest1448.042384.043141.034324.035592.03Lowest1196.002103.003535.054160.0558.05After controlling leverage values, Cooks distance could be controlled. In Cooks outperform, a value greater than the value, calculated with the formula of mean + 2 * standard deviation, can be admitted as outlier. In this study critical value is .008 (.002+2*(.003)). maximum value of Cooks distance is .03 so, it is expected that there will be outliers. Boxplot of Cooks distance (figure 10) shows that the cases 499, 438, 449, 236, 284, 484, 37, 354, 137, 97, 324 and 165 could b e outliers. On the other hand, according to Cook and Weisberg (1982) values greater than 1 could be admitted as outlier. So, it can be presume that there is no outlier.Figure 10 Boxplot of Cooks distanceAfter controlling Cooks place, DF Beta values of each independent variable could be checked. DF Beta value shows the change in regression coefficient due to deletion of that row with outlier. According to Field (2009) a case can be outlier if absolute value of DF Beta is higher than one. According to Stevens (2002) a case can be outlier if absolute value of DF Beta is higher than two. In this study there is no case that has DF Beta value higher than one (see figure 11). According to DF Beta test values there is no outlier in this study.Figure 11 Boxplots of DF Beta values of Independent VariablesLastly, Mahalanobis Distance could be controlled to identify the outliers. If there is any case that is greater than the value of chi square at =.001 that could be admitted as outlier. The critical value at =.001 with seven predictors is 24.32. Table 6 shows the extreme values for this study and there is no value greater than 24.32. According to Mahalanobis distance test there is no outlier.Table 6Extreme Values of Mahalanobis DistanceCase NumberValueMahalanobis DistanceHighest144823.72238420.90314120.50432419.15559217.99Lowest11962.6221032.6235352.7841602.78582.78If the results of each test is summarizedPartial plots shows that there could be outliers,Leverage values show that there is no outliers,Cooks distance values show that there is no outlier,DF Beta values show that there is no outlier.According to results of the tests, it could be assumed that there is no outlier.Regression ResultsA hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to identify the predictors of BMI. ternion different models were examined to understand which predictor explains has how much variableness. Table 7 shows the abridgment of three models. Among three models, the first model is not st atistically meaningful the second and third models are significant.In the first model gender and physical activity in a week were the predictors. This model explains the .2% of be variance, but insignificant F (2, 597) = .67 p .05.In the second model, milk chocolate vs berry chocolate, milk chocolate vs peanut chocolate and frequency of chocolate consumption are the predictors after controlling for the effect of gender and physical activity in a week. This model explains 13% of tot variance explained significantly, F (3, 594) = 28.901 p In the third model, cacao rate (%) in chocolate, fat rate (%) in chocolate are the predictors of BMI after controlling for the effect of gender, physical activity in a week, milk chocolate vs berry chocolate, milk chocolate vs peanut chocolate and frequency of chocolate consumption. This model explains 34% of quantity variance explained significantly, F (2, 592) = 189.154, p Table 7Regression Analysis perplex SummaryModelRR2Change StatisticsDu rbin-WatsonR2Fdf1df2 Sig. F1.05a.00.00.692597.502.36b.13.1328.903594.003.69c.47.34189.152592.001.879a. Predictors (Constant), physical activity in a week, genderb. Predictors (Constant), physical activity in a week, gender, milk chocolate vs berry chocolate, frequency of chocolate consumption, milk chocolate vs peanut chocolatec. Predictors (Constant), physical activity in a week, gender, milk chocolate vs berry chocolate, frequency of chocolate consumption, milk chocolate vs peanut chocolate, cacao rate (%) in chocolate, fat rate (%) in chocolated. Dependent Variable body mass indexTable 8 shows the Coefficients of Hierarchical Regression Analysis that shows the significance and inwardness variance explained by each predictor. In the first model any of the predictors significantly predicts the dependent variable, BMI. It can be said that neither the model, nor the predictors are statistically significant and do not predict the outcome variable, F (2, 597) = .67 p .05.In the secon d model, boilers suit model is significant, F (3, 594) = 28.901 p In the third model, overall model is significant, F (2, 592) = 189.154, p Table 8Coefficients of Hierarchical Regression AnalysisModelUnstandardized CoefficientsStandardized CoefficientstpCorrelationsBStd. ErrorBetaPart1(Constant)24.419.94125.938.000Gender-.232.370-.026-.628.530-.026physical activity in a week.226.251.037.900.369.0372(Constant)17.1651.30913.110.000milk chocolate vs berry chocolate.539.423.0521.273.204.049milk chocolate vs peanut chocolate1.943.420.1934.629.000.177frequency of chocolate consumption1.751.245.2837.135.000.2733(Constant)5.4261.1914.557.000fat rate (%) in chocolate.221.017.47713.033.000.390cacao rate (%) in chocolate.109.016.2426.766.000.203a. Dependent Variable body mass index discussionTwo different research questions were tried to be answered in this study. First research question was How well the type of chocolate and frequency of chocolate consumption predict body mass index, after c ontrolling for gender physical activity?. Second research question was How well do fat percentage and cacao percentage in chocolate explain body mass index, after controlling the results of the first research question?.A hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to answer the research questions. Three models were examined to find the predictors and their contribution to these models. The first model that examines that how well gender and physical activity in a week predict the dependent variable. Result of the first model shows that neither model nor predictors significantly predict the BMI.The second model examined to answer the first research question. This model predicts 13% of total variance explained. Milk chocolate vs berry chocolate does not significantly explain the BMI. Milk chocolate vs peanut chocolate explains 3%, frequency of chocolate consumption explains 7% of total variance explained.The third model examined to answer the second research question. This model pre dicts 47% of total variance explained and 34% of total variance explained uniquely. Fat rate in chocolate explains 15% and cacao rate in chocolate explains 4% of total variance uniquely.When all models were examined it is seen that fat rate in chocolate is the best predictor of BMI by explaining 15% of total variance explained. Frequency of chocolate consumption is the second by explaining 7% of total variance explained. Cacao rate is the third predictor by explaining 4% of total variance explained.

Understanding People With A Intellectual Disability

Understanding People With A reason Disability talented handicap is a handicap characterized by evidentiary limitations in both talented operation and in adjustive style as expressed in conceptual, social and practical adaptive skills a leave the age of eighteen (Luckasson et al.,2002 p.1). There are troika characteristics identifying children with rational disabilities mild, moderate, and hotshotrous disabilities. In the mild dexterous disabilities children in second or terce grade are not identify until they enter school and officially genial mental retardation children master academic skills. The second characteristics is moderate intellectual disabilities is where the child experience a delay in development and adaptive functioning during their preschool years. As they get older they could experience health and demeanor problems that could be sign of mental retardation. Lastly severe profound intellectual disabilities can feature central nervous system damage at birth in infants and other health blemishs (Heikua et al., 2005).The American Association on Mental Retardation (AARMR) in 1973 incorporated there definition of mental retardation with motif as a significant sub norm general intellectual functioning existing concurrent within a adaptive look and manifest during the developmental period that adversely affects a child teaching methodal performance. (34 C.F.R., Sec 3000 9 (b) (5). The American Association of Intellectual and developmental after many debates based their definition on involve support of intellectual disabilities that covers the same population of individuals who were diagnosed previously with mental retardation in number, kind, level, type, and duration of the disability and the need of people with this disability for severalise services and supports. Furthermore, every individual who is or was eligible for a diagnosing of mental retardation is eligible for a diagnosis of intellectual disability. Schalock, Luckas son, and Shogren (2007 pg. 116)AutismIn 1990 IDEAs P.L. 101-476 defines autism as a developmental disability affecting verbal and signed parley and social moveion, generally evident before age three that adversely affects a childs educational performance. Autism is also known as Autism Spectrum Disorders has atomic number 23 subcategories Autistic Disorder Aspergers Syndrome Retts Syndrome Childhood Disintegrative Disorder and Pervasive Developmental Disorder.Some common characteristics of children with autism is communication, diagnosis, cannot speak (mute) gestures or gaze to share perplexity with objects or events (J bingles Carr. 2004 p. 13), a child might not be open to stand sounds and intellectual functioning.The cause of autism is still unknown, but in 2007 researchers gave causes of autism as abnormal head word development structure and/or neurochemistry (Akshoomoff, 2000, Hyman Towbin 2007). They know that it is a psyche disorder, usually present from birth, whic h affects the way the brain develops and process randomness related to language, remembrance, thinking and the senses. (National Research Council, 2001, p. 11).Severe DisabilitiesSevere disability has no specific definition that exists. Some are based on IQ scores, mental, emotional or physical abilities. The causes of severe abilities are environment, trauma at birth, delayed language, lack of nurturance or healthcare. Characteristics of severe disability can be positive and display warmth, humor, need life skills, diminishing cognitive functioning that affect thinking, claiming, attention, and memory. Many have significant physical, health, and communication needs, significant developmental delays, difficulty in learning, self-care skills and need for repetition to acquire skills. Visual impairment causes deaf-blindness in functional hearing (Baldwin, 1995), communication and social skills. Children with this problem cannot learn because they need to be able to communicate and see in the classroom. Children with deaf-blindness interact with others inappropriately (e.g., hand flapping, finger flicking, head rocking) (Downing Eichinger, 1990, pp.98-99) and exhibit behavior imputable to them not being able to communicate.traumatic Brain InjuryTraumatic brain injury is defined by IDEA, 1990 (P.L. 101-476) as an acquired injury to the brain caused by and external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment, or both, that adversely affects a childs educational performance. It applies to open or closed head injuries resulting in impairments in one or more areas, such as cognition language memory attention reasoning abstract thinking judgment problem-solving sensory, perceptual, and motor abilities psychosocial behavior physical functions information processing, speech. Traumatic brain injury does not habituate to brain injuries that are congenital or degenerative, or to brain injuries bring on by birth traum a. (20 U.S.C. 1401 2004, 20 C.F.R. 300.8c12)There are three causes of traumatic brain injury a open head injury that finish up the skull due from a bullet or blow to the head. The open head injury can result in specific deficits to sensory functions and behavioral. then there is the closed head injury within the cranium of the brain that affect nerves, axons cause from a car, fall, or playing sport. Another cause is the shaken baby syndrome is when a baby is violently being shaken and cause brain injury to the baby. Traumatic brain injury is one of the leading causes of death in children and one of the most common causes of acquired disability in children (Lenrow).Deaf BlindnessDeaf blindness is a crew of hearing and visual impairments causing such severe communication, develop-mental, and educational problems that a child cannot be accommodated in either a program specifically for the deaf or a program specifically for the blind. The definition that IDEA gives for deaf-blindnes s is the concomitant hearing and visual impairments, the combination of which causes such severe communication and other developmental and educational needs that they cannot be accommodated in supernumerary education programs solely for children with deafness or children with blindness. (20 U.S.C. 1401 2004, 20 C.F.R.300.8c2)ConclusionFinally, whether its intellectual disabilities, autism, severe disabilities or deaf-blindness, IDEA says a child with a disability with mental retardation, hearing impairments (including deafness), speech or language impairments, visual impairments (including blindness), right emotional disturbance, orthopedic impairments, autism, traumatic brain injury, other health impairments, or specific learning disabilities and who, by reason thereof, needs special education and related services. (IDEA Sec. 300.8 Child with a disability)

Natural Family Planning :: essays research papers fc

The Natural hardship of Planning Are forward-looking forms of contraception natur eachy and moralisticly scathe? Pope capital of Minnesota VI and his Humanae Vitae decl are that expert methods of birth see are immoral and should not be practiced by Catholics. However, as our modern community illustrates everyday, this opinion is inappropriate for not only the unwavering of the Roman Catholic Church, but also for non-Catholics. According to Munich Archbishop Cardinal Julius Doepfner, contraception is not intrinsically evil (The Politics of Sex and Religion). There is a fine line the Catholic church draws between natural methods of family homework and the immoral methods of modern technology. After close review of Catholic doctrines, it is clean-living that this line does not exist. The intentions behind the actions are what matters. Therefore the encyclical of capital of Minnesota VI , while maintaining good intentions, cannot give Catholics and non-Catholics alike termin ated focussing in perpetrate humanness when it comes to contraception.The major problem for the married believers in the Catholic faith is that Human Vitae neglects their ability to make moral decisions. Paul VI claims that contraception limits a persons human centre and integrity. However, the reality is that the Church is limiting this principle of human existence by assuming the common man is incapable of making the correct moral choice. For example Paul VI states , how wide and easy a thoroughfare would thus be opened up towards conjugal infidelity and the customary lowering of morality. (Human Vitae 8). It is absurd to believe that all moral problems in our society can be attributed to the introduction of birth control methods. Man, in his complete integrity and totality, is capable of judging moral from immoral regardless of the technological devices he is surrounded by. If all parts of a human are in harmony, means of contraception cannot invade this persons complete hum anness.Scientific research shows that almost all practicing Catholics today believe that modern means of contraception does not interfere with their beliefs and morals. According to one study, yet among married Catholic women who attend church every week, less than 4% use church-approved family planning methods-about the same as the total population. (Catholics for Contraception). This illustrates the fact that plenty of faith have made their own interpretations of Gods desires and recover no difference between natural family planning and modern methods of contraception. periodic patrons of the church know the moral teachings of the Church and the consequences, yet the facts show that all believers have not come to a consensus.

Poor Personal Hygiene in The Fast Food Industry Essay -- cooking, emplo

Imagine suddenly feeling sick and facing life laboured sickness after eating at your favorite local tumultuous provender eating place. At this point you be surprised beca wont you believed in the restaurants phone of having food thats good and fit for you. An estimated annual amount of food link sickness in the U.S is 76 million cases. Many local ready food restaurants seem to be blind to the actions taken that can genuinely affect a customers health. These health problems can be permanent or temporary affecting the lives of the people. personalised hygienics is a very severe concept that can have a negative or unequivocal effect on how a food item is produced. Personal hygiene is the cleanliness of a person. It is basically keeping you hair, nail, feet and every other part of the system maintained and clean. When employees have poor hygiene they can cause capital damage to the health of the customers who eat at the fast-flying food restaurant. The fast food res taurant industries prefer cooking the food using methods that are quick and tasty. This usually does not mean healthy. Some cooking methods that they use are deep frying, pan frying, and stir frying. The fast food restaurants similarly do not provide some of the information of the ingredients they use because they sack out it would disgust the customers. These ingredients are believed to not be harmful in the look of the fast food restaurant industries, so they believe it makes no understanding to inform the customers about them. The personal hygiene of the fast food restaurants employees, their methods of cooking, and the false information on exactly what ingredients they use for the food are the jumper lead cause to health problems in our society. Poor Personal hygiene in the fast food industry is a leading c... ...at-fault. University of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences. Whos to Blame for Obesity? Policy Makers, the regimen Industry, or Individuals? Http//www.sciencedaily.com/. ScienceDaily, 22 Jan. 2014. Web. 12 Mar. 2014. . Wash Your Hands Inc. Consequences of Poor Hand hygienics and the Importance of Handwashing. Http//www.wash-hands.com/. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Mar. 2014. . Weil, Andrew. 3 Unhealthy Ways to Cook. Http//www.drweil.com/. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2014. . Wordpress.com. Fast Food vs. Obesity. Wordpress.com. N.p., 07 Dec. 2012. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. .

Descriptive Essay- Describing Bass Guitar :: description essay, observation essay

Description paper You can describe an object a a few(prenominal) instructions. Depending on what that object is, you have to decide on the best panache of analyzing it. If you were describing a musical instrument identical a bass or guitar, the physical description might be sufficient. However, to a musician theres a lot more to it. Sitting in a music sales booth in the corner of a room right now is a bass. This bass looks very simple to the eye, but actually has a lot more detail than you think. To the normal eye, someone sees a smooth remains shape with a long wooden screw overlapping and act vertically up. This requires a nestled look.Zooming in closer at the neck, niggling dots start to appear. These markings are like reminders of what notes are to be played by the musician. They start to shine a bit in a chrome-type reflection. underneath those dots is the actual neck, which looks like a smooth, flat-tone wood. Also on that same neck are what look like sectioned off pieces. Metal bars go horizontally across the neck to mark off certain(p) notes. These bars get closer together as the neck gets closer to the clay. When a finger is pressed down between two of these bars, a note is signified. Above the neck is what is called a head. On this particular body-shape, are metallic knobs called machine-heads, which tighten or loosen the strings depending on which way theyre rotated.On the other side of this neck is the largest part of the bass. This is the body. The body can be any number of shapes. This particular shape is like a glossy black melted figure eight with horns. The horns locate toward the head of the bass. The right horn is a bit higher than the left. These dilate have to do with making the bass comfortable to hold and play. In the center of the body are plastic bars with magnetic studs lined up under the strings. These magnets pick up the vibrations from the strings and create a number of sounds.

Race and Culture in American Films :: Media Latin Americans Movies Film Essays

Race and nicety in American Films One of the side effects of American plastic film was often crushingly brutal portrayals of other races and cultures, depictions that spread to larger audiences than even before possible around the nation and even around the globe.(Keller,5) The ocular images visualised through the painting montage Gringo in Mananaland support many an(prenominal) of Kellers views on the harsh portrayals of Latins through American media. The video succeeds in emphasizing the particular economic consumptions that Latin Americans played in the earlyish years of film. Latins were seen as entertainers that would appear in a context that makes them either foils to or sex objects of Anglos.(Keller,39) This idea is particularly translucent through the specific gender roles that Latins played passim the video. Keller describes the three most common roles for Hispanic females in American film. The role that seemed to most often be filled by the Latinas was that of a cantina girl. basically a dancing, singing sex object, the cantina girl is a naughty noblewoman of easy virtue, who is also outgoing and exhibitionistic.(Keller,40) As Keller states, outside the parameters of romance or sex, there are virtually no roles for Hispanic females. The Latina was depicted as a pursuer of the Anglo man, always waiting for him to enter her life, and always spontaneous to discard her Latin suitor in favor of the Anglo.(Keller,40) In general, the Latinas in the video montage were portrayed as sexual temptresses with little observe for themselves or their values. Hispanic males were most often portrayed either parcel to the Anglo males or lusting after the Anglo women. The various roles that Hispanic men played in American films were usually limited to negative characters such as bandits or greasers. The depiction of Latins in early American cinema is far from accurate and rarely displays realistic living situations of Hispanics. It is evident fr om twain the video and from Kellers descriptions in Hispanics and United States Film that the Latins were portrayed as ignorant, uneducated, unproductive people in American films. They were primarily entertainers, and were never placed in real life situations in the Latin American community. Kellers belief that white Americans believed in the superiority of the white race and depicted this superiority on the silver screen(32) was clearly evident in the video montage.

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay -- Frankenstein Essays

bloody shame Shelleys FrankensteinNineteen-year-old Mary Shelley didnt know when she began it that her ghost story would become an put up part of classic literature. Frankenstein is an admirable work simply for its captivating plot. To the thrifty reader, however, Shelleys tale offers complex insights into human experience. The reader identifies with all of the study characters and is left to heed or ignore the cautions that their situations provide. Shelley uses the bite person storey style, allusions two to Coleridges Rime of the Ancient Mariner and the legend of Prometheus, and the symbols of both light and fire to discourage against the destructive thirst for forbidden knowledge. Frankensteins tale is narrated in the uphold person in order to warn the audience at present. Relatively few novels are pen in the southward person, but those that are have the singular ability to talk at a time to their readers. Shelley went to great lengths to preserve this adm onishing quality in her narrative in order to speak to the reader as you, the book had to be written as a letter. Knowing the destinies of her characters, however, Shelley knew that neither of the principals would survive long complete to realize their mistakes. She therefore invented Capitan Walton who would, in his letters, preserve the imperative tone of the trice person that is so essential to her purpose. The book was written in the second person so that the admonishment that Dr. Frankenstein gives to Captain Walton is preserved and relayed to Shelleys readers you and me. A classic example of the warning voice inherent in the second person narrative is Coleridges Rime of the Ancient Mariner. The entire purpose of the mariners tal... ...th knowledge not informed by ethics has let loose on our 21st-century world such monsters as the nuclear bomb, whose whereabouts are unknown, and whose existence threatens our lives every minute. Shelley may not have realise a ll of the implications of her writing, but she understood human tendencies. She raised a warning that unfortunately has gone largely unheeded . Like the ancient mariner, Frankenstein addresses his readers directly and warns against the destructive fire of forbidden knowledgeknowledge not anchored by morality. Perhaps the most compelling warning in the book is attached in Frankensteins own weary voice as he prefaces his tale Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge (57).Work CitedShelley, Mary. Frankenstein. Ed. Johanna M. Smith. Boston Bedford, 2000.

An Analysis of Selected Stanzas From Book II, Canto VII of Spenser’s Faerie Queene 1 :: Faerie Queene

An Analysis of Selected Stanzas From Book II, Canto VII of Spensers Faerie Queene 1 IHer face right wondrous faire did give earme to beeThat her huge beauties beam great brightness threwThrough the dusky shade, that all work force might it seeYet was not that same her owne native hew, just now wrought by art and counterfetted shew,T here(predicate)by more lovers unto her to send forNathlesse near heavenly faire in deed and vewShe by creation was, till that she did spendThenceforth she sought for help, to cloke her crime withall. Philotime, at first glance, seems an aristocratic Acrasia. two employ art to improve upon their natural beauty captivate workforce with their looksin every sense of the word and lounge in extravagance and ease. We also see a common insatiability Thereby more lovers unto her to call (my italics), though Philotimes desires never descendor at to the lowest degree are never seen to descend into the sexual realm of Acrasias. But here the similarities end. Philotime, like Acrasia, isto coin a wordbedecked with seemingness. She sits as in sheen glory and wondrous faire did seem to bee, (my italics). Clearly she is not all as she would seem2 and is making use of ornament to augment her beauty precisely where Acrasia was occupy of only a surface beauty, Spenser, most importantly, brings a decided lustre to Philotime, by tracing the source of her fairness to creation. Indeed, to further strengthen this allusion, Philotime seems to possess many of the qualities of Eve. Her beauty, though artificially maintained, for it vanished with her Luciferian fall, was nevertheless divinely ordained. Any artificiality we see in Philotime is used to help satisfy a greed and a vanity that feeds upon the attention of men. Accordingly, as we have said, her artfulness brings not simply lovers but more lovers. Like Mammon, the god of riches, it is quantity that counts, not quality. Notice, also, that Philotime lives in dim shade. Indeed, di mmer than dim she lives in a cave. The promiscuous her looks beam, strangely, unnaturally, throw light not on others, but on herself. Here then is another(prenominal) indication of the unquestionable vanity of Philotime. If we might turn for a endorsement to Sir Guyon, still standing in the wings, and doubtless still feasting his eyes. We should record that our noble knight represents no narrow Temperance, but a prevalent Temperance, one which addresses all temptationsand not only those of the senses.

College Candy Making Success That Much Sweeter Essay -- Drugs

As the saying goes, Desperate times call option for desperate measures. American college students of the 21st century have been forcefully subjected to extremely competitive environments due to a multitude of external factors. As of late, the ethical drug drug, Adderall has become the drug of choice for ambitious college students, and has earned the title of being todays college candy and academic steroid. First introduced and approved by the U.S. FDA, Adderall became the common treatment for those suffering from ADHD and narcolepsy. The drug is considered a inventory II stimulant, falling in the same category as cocain and codeine due to its addictive genius (Tran). Nicknamed addy by college students, Adderall and its effects have been proven to be advantageous to many seeking to maximize work productivity the drug keeps students energized and engaged in their studies for hours on end (N.S.). As report by the U.S. Department of Human Health and Human Services, among persons aged 18 to 22, full-time college students were twice as likely to use Adderall non-medically in the chivalric year as those who had not been in college at all or were only part-time students (U.S.). What essentially persuades a college student to take Adderall non-medically? A students competitive environment may be an potent factor. The issue of Adderall abuse among college campuses is concerning due to the dangerous short and long bourne effects in which many of its users are unaware of. An analysis of Adderall work among college students will be performed in order to determine what can be done to prevent Adderall abuse in college students. Upon examination, it was found that the competitive nature of college campuses in California is resultant of both ec... ...Health and Human Services, 7 Apr. 2009. Print. 02 Dec. 2011. Anonymous. Adderall misuse on College Campuses. Personal Interview. 22 Nov. 2011. Tranh, Pharmacist Lam. Adderall Abuse on College Campuses. netmail Inte rview. 19 Nov. 2011. Mai, Cassandra. Adderall Abuse on College Campuses. Personal interview. 19 Nov. 2011.Moore, Elaine A. The Amphetamine view the Use of Adderall, Ritalin, and Related Drugs for Behavior Modification, Neuroenhancement, and Anti-aging Purposes. Jefferson, NC McFarland &, 2011. Print.N.S. Prescription Stimulants Are Big on Campus. Science News.169.21 (2006) 334. JSTOR. Web. 20 Nov. 2011. Rampell, Catherine. Many With New College Degree Find the concern Market Humbling. New York Times New York 18 May 2011. Print.U.S. Approval for Adderall XR to accomplish Adults - MedNews. 18 Aug. 2011. JSTOR. Web. 01 Dec. 2011.

Chronicle Of A Death Foretold :: essays research papers

     It was rainy on the twenty-four hours of capital of Chile Nasars murder, and yet by the account of others, it was not. His death is so mingled with illusory images that everything seems mystified much identical death itself. The fact that the fiction is about how a death consumes the lives of the entire town as salutary as the victim, shows that it is concerned with death in spiritedness and asks us to treasure our own views.      Not only is the story concerned with death in life on the literary level, but the people of the town savor obliged to honor and offer gifts to a bishop that doesnt even like the town. It is perhaps because they fear if they do not keep their faith, they are putting in jeopardy their mass after death this is the primary concern of all religions, life after death and fear of the unknown. "For years we couldnt talk about anything else. . .and it was obvious that we werent doing it from an urge to clea r up mysteries but because none of us could go on living without an accept knowledge of the place and the mission assigned to us by fate"(113).           "All right, girl, he said to her, trembling with rage, tell us who it was. . .Santiago Nasar, she said"(53). Whether or not Santiago Nasar was the reason behind Angela Vicarios lost honor, his death shapes and defines her life afterwards. Many in the town eviscerate her as being a woman half in lament and the narrator is amazed at how she ends up understanding her own life despite how much she was made to die in life(101).      Chronicle of a Death Fortold makes us look at life and death and showcase uncertainty about our future. Because it questions death and our belief in religion, it depreciates, in a sense, our

The Debate Over Campaign Finance Regulations Essay -- U.S. Politics, M

Money is both(prenominal) the nectar and poison of the human race. This fact has never been more applicable than to modern politics. Nearly all assets to a nominee for political office, such(prenominal) a media advertisements, travel expenses and campaign supplies rely on fiscal support. In an age when electronic media rules supreme, money has never been more important. Today, it has become necessary for political campaigns to pour massive amounts of funding into television, Internet, radio and print ads in order to run a competitive campaign. These ads are the most great(p) form of communication between a candidate and the s everyplaceeigns, and therefore, a candidates ability to use ads can not be inhibited. This correlation coefficient between money and politics has many unintended consequences, such as expanding the gap between fiscal classes, creating professional politicians, and jeopardizing the equality of the electorate. Equality is the correct to be judged by only your peers, to be given a beautiful chance to experience life, liberty and to pursue happiness. Equality is giving the homeless person as equal a voice as the wealthy. America was create on the firmly held belief that all citizens are equal, however, it is inevitable in any capitalistic society that class divisions will form. But the big businessman of each class is controllable with legislation concerning campaign finance. The debate over how political campaigns should be financed culminated with the recent Supreme Court ruling on Citizens United v. Federal Election Committee, however many concerns still remain.On April 6th, 1972 a handful of CREEP staffers worked late alongside with the staff of the world-wide George Olmstead bank in Washington DC (Smith 3). The staffers were tasked with depositing several millions of... ...eum.info/roman-empire/roman-republic-timeline.htm. papistic Empire, The. Roman Society. http//www.roman-empire.net/society/society.html.Smith, Rodney A. Money , Power & Elections How Campaign Finance Reform Subverts American Democracy. billy goat Rouge Louisiana State University Press, 2006.Smitha, Frank. Why did the Roman Empire go by?. http//www.fsmitha.com/com/Rome.htm.Smith, Ronald. The Fall of the Roman Republic. Suite101.com. http//www.suite101.com/ essence/the-fall-of-the-roman-republic-a114405.Vital, Nick. The Roman Constitution. http//www.uah.edu/student_life/organizations/SAL/texts/misc/romancon.html.Walberg, Robert. How to buy into the oil boom. http//moneycentral.msn.com/content/P114413.asp.Washington Post. BP agrees to $20 billion fund for gulf oil plash claims. http//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/16/AR2010061602614.html.

Lincoln’s Birthday :: Essays Papers

capital of Nebraskas Birth solar dayThis book is a compilation of letters written to and by the revered president, Abraham capital of Nebraska. This makes it so that the same(p) stories are told from different perspectives. All together this book is filled with historically accurate information. The opening passage is Lincolns own Autobiography. I wish I could insert the entire passage. I think the finish paragraph is a wonderful description of the man, both in demeanor and in demeanor.If any personal description of me is thought desirable, it may be said I am in height six feet quadruplet inches, nearly lean in flesh, weighing, on an average, one hundred and lxxx pounds dark complexion, with coarse black hair and gray eyes no other marks or brands recollected.Yours very truly, A. Lincoln. On the stormy first light of Sunday, February 12, Nancy Hanks Lincoln, wife of Thomas, gave birth to a boy. He was born on a bed of poles covered with cornhusks. The baby was named Abraham af ter his grandfather. In 1811 the Lincolns go to a farm on Knob Creek, what was also near Hodgenville. In 1811 or 1812, Abrahams younger brother, Thomas, died in infancy. Abraham spent a short amount of beat in a log schoolhouse. He began to learned reading, writing, and cipherin to the rule of three, from a teacher named Zachariah Riney. He attended school with his sister, Sarah. Late in 1816 the Lincoln family moved to southern Indiana and settled near present day Gentry Ville. A cabin was constructed near Little Pigeon Creek. It measured 16 X 18 feet, and it had only one window. Abrahams mother, Nancy, passed away on October 5th, 1818, she died of milk sickness. In 1819, Abraham would barrow books from his neighbors to read. In 1821 Abraham attended school taught by pack Swaney for about 4 months. In 1824 Abraham also attended school taught by Azel Dorsey. In 1827 Abrahams sister, Sarah died giving birth to her son. In 1831, Lincoln decided to gift his family and go off on his own, but not before disbursement a year to build his parents a house. In July he moved to New capital of Oregon, Illinois, where he boarded at Rutledges tavern and became acquainted with the owners daughter, Ann. New Salem was a frontier village consisting of one long street on a bluff over the Sangamon River.During the Black hawk War Lincoln was elected captain of the volunteer militia.

Reintroducing the Wolf to Yellowstone Essay examples -- Wolves Park An

Reintroducing the beast to YellowstoneWolves permit eternally been a sign of the inconclusive, free in spirit and roamers of the land. These animals argon considered majestic and protectors of the wilderness. They have always roamed the western united States, although their population has fluctuated over time. Over the past 10 years wolf reintroduction into Yellowstone National set has been a controversial thing to those of the United States. As of 1995, wolves have been reintroduced into the park. This has seeded player with some strong encounter and yet has prevailed. The future of the wolf in Yellowstone park is now looking for bright, although not certain since there save are those who want them banished again. levelMany hundreds of years ago wolves roamed the sinless North the Statesn unstained with no barriers and very few predators. As settlers moved into the United States, wolves became more than and more scarce in the wild of America. As the wilderness areas of the United States declined, so did the population of the wolf, until there were hardly a few musca volitans in the wild where wolves could still be found. Wolves used to thrive in the western United States. There was large game to hunt and megabucks of places to live and wander. Until commonwealth moved in, wolves were settled. As European settlement grow to the west, it began to take its toll on the wolves and their habitat. modify of the forests came first, which was then accompanied by significant over-hunting in this area (Noceker). easily wolves became concentrated into littler and smaller areas in the west. Finally, they were assumed to be bothers to the ranchers and farmers and possibly a threat to those battalion who lived in the area. As the United States matured, people realized that ... ...h. History and occurrent status of the Yellowstone wolf restoration. kinfolk 19, 1999. http//www.poky.srv.net/jjmrm/wpages/yell-o.htmMaughan, Ralph. Overview and tale of the central Idaho wolf reintroduction. September 25, 1999. visted October 4, 1999. http//www.poky.srv.net/jjmrm/wpages/idaho-o.htmMoody, Joan. Historic Reintroduction Continues Despite Budget Cuts Defenders Helps vaporise Wolves to Yellowstone. January 22, 1996. Visited October 20, 1999. http//www.defenders.org/pr012296.htmlNoceker, Robert J. Congressional Research attend Report for Congress Reintroduction of Wolves. August 1, 1997. Visited October 17, 1999. http//www.cnie.org/nle/biodv-13.htmlThe extensive Wildlife Society of North America (AWSNA), An Argument against Wolf Reintroduction in Colorado. visited October 17, 1999. http//www.firstrax.com/antipro.htm Reintroducing the Wolf to Yellowstone Essay examples -- Wolves Park AnReintroducing the Wolf to YellowstoneWolves have always been a symbol of the wild, free in spirit and roamers of the land. These animals are considered majestic and protectors of the wilderness. They have always roamed the western Un ited States, although their population has fluctuated over time. Over the past 10 years wolf reintroduction into Yellowstone National Park has been a controversial topic to those of the United States. As of 1995, wolves have been reintroduced into the park. This has come with some strong opposition and yet has prevailed. The future of the wolf in Yellowstone park is now looking bright, although not certain since there still are those who want them banished again.HistoryMany hundreds of years ago wolves roamed the entire North American continent with no barriers and very few predators. As settlers moved into the United States, wolves became more and more scarce in the wild of America. As the wilderness areas of the United States declined, so did the population of the wolf, until there were only a few spots in the wild where wolves could still be found. Wolves used to thrive in the western United States. There was ample game to hunt and plenty of places to live and wander. Until peop le moved in, wolves were settled. As European settlement expanded to the west, it began to take its toll on the wolves and their habitat. Clearing of the forests came first, which was then accompanied by significant over-hunting in this area (Noceker). Slowly wolves became concentrated into smaller and smaller areas in the west. Finally, they were assumed to be bothers to the ranchers and farmers and maybe a threat to those people who lived in the area. As the United States matured, people realized that ... ...h. History and current status of the Yellowstone wolf restoration. September 19, 1999. http//www.poky.srv.net/jjmrm/wpages/yell-o.htmMaughan, Ralph. Overview and history of the central Idaho wolf reintroduction. September 25, 1999. visted October 4, 1999. http//www.poky.srv.net/jjmrm/wpages/idaho-o.htmMoody, Joan. Historic Reintroduction Continues Despite Budget Cuts Defenders Helps Fly Wolves to Yellowstone. January 22, 1996. Visited October 20, 1999. http//www.defenders.or g/pr012296.htmlNoceker, Robert J. Congressional Research Service Report for Congress Reintroduction of Wolves. August 1, 1997. Visited October 17, 1999. http//www.cnie.org/nle/biodv-13.htmlThe Abundant Wildlife Society of North America (AWSNA), An Argument against Wolf Reintroduction in Colorado. visited October 17, 1999. http//www.firstrax.com/antipro.htm

Protecting Women from Domestic Violence Essay -- Abuse Violence Essays

Domestic violence is the most ubiquitous eternal in womens lives around the world. There is virtually no adorn where it is not a significant problem, and women of no race, class, or age ar exempt from its reach -Joni SeagerAbstract Domestic violence against women is a amicable problem that occurs in nearly every corner of the world. Recently, roughly states allow begun to recognize that women must be protected from abuse by family members and intimates. maculation policies and practices designed to protect women have emerged in a minute of countries, galore(postnominal) lag behind on the issue. This paper will turn up the causal components behind the variation in protective cover for women. The literature on women and political science signals that womens representation may increase the take aim of protection against domesticatedated violence because female legislators are more likely to sic womens issues on the agenda and make policy choices that benefit the ir sex. Alternatively, the assimilation of a state may determine whether the society supports rights for women, including protection from domestic violence. A variety of statistics indicating womens representation and culture were gathered for analysis. utilize bi variate correlation and multiple regression, the theories were tested against each otherwise in an attempt to determine the cause of variation in levels of protection. The findings suggest that both womens representation and culture are significantly correlate to level of protection. Because the number of women in elected office influences protection to a greater extent than culture, improving womens representation appears to be an classical factor in fighting the domestic violence problem. THE DOMESTIC violence job Across... ....3 For entropy source, beguile UN. The cosmeas Women 2000 Trends and Statistics. NY, 2000.4 For selective information source, reckon World Development Indicators, 2003 5 For data source, run into UN, The Worlds Women 2000 Trends and Statistics. NY, 2000.6 For data sources, see Kamerman, Neuman, Waldfogel and Brooks-Gunn. Social Policies, Family Types and Child Outcomes in Selected OECD Countries. OECD, 2003.Luxembourg Income Study, 1997 expert feeling 7 For data source, see Seager, Joni. The Penguin map collection of Women in the World. Penguin Books New York, 2003. 8 For data source, see Seager, Joni. The Penguin Atlas of Women in the World. Penguin Books New York, 2003.9 For data source, see The World camber Statistics, 200110 For data source, see Seager, Joni. The Penguin Atlas of Women in the World. Penguin Books New York, 2003. Protecting Women from Domestic military unit Essay -- Abuse Violence EssaysDomestic violence is the most ubiquitous constant in womens lives around the world. There is virtually no place where it is not a significant problem, and women of no race, class, or age are exempt from its r each -Joni SeagerAbstract Domestic violence against women is a social problem that occurs in nearly every corner of the world. Recently, some states have begun to recognize that women must be protected from abuse by family members and intimates. While policies and practices designed to protect women have emerged in a number of countries, many lag behind on the issue. This paper will examine the causal factors behind the variation in protection for women. The literature on women and politics suggests that womens representation may increase the level of protection against domestic violence because female legislators are more likely to put womens issues on the agenda and make policy choices that benefit their sex. Alternatively, the culture of a state may determine whether the society supports rights for women, including protection from domestic violence. A variety of statistics indicating womens representation and culture were gathered for analysis. Using bi variate correlati on and multiple regression, the theories were tested against each other in an attempt to determine the cause of variation in levels of protection. The findings suggest that both womens representation and culture are significantly correlated to level of protection. Because the number of women in elected office influences protection to a greater extent than culture, improving womens representation appears to be an important factor in fighting the domestic violence problem. THE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE PROBLEM Across... ....3 For data source, see UN. The Worlds Women 2000 Trends and Statistics. NY, 2000.4 For data source, see World Development Indicators, 20035 For data source, see UN, The Worlds Women 2000 Trends and Statistics. NY, 2000.6 For data sources, see Kamerman, Neuman, Waldfogel and Brooks-Gunn. Social Policies, Family Types and Child Outcomes in Selected OECD Countries. OECD, 2003.Luxembourg Income Study, 1997 expert opinion 7 For data source, see Seager, Joni. The Penguin Atlas of Women in the World. Penguin Books New York, 2003. 8 For data source, see Seager, Joni. The Penguin Atlas of Women in the World. Penguin Books New York, 2003.9 For data source, see The World Bank Statistics, 200110 For data source, see Seager, Joni. The Penguin Atlas of Women in the World. Penguin Books New York, 2003.